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Fundamentals

Laminar flow

Definition

Smooth, orderly flow in parallel layers with no cross-stream mixing. It is the norm at the microscale, where viscous forces dominate inertia.

Explanation

Laminar flow moves in smooth, parallel layers with no cross-currents, so adjacent streams stay separate and follow paths set by the channel geometry.

It arises whenever viscous forces dominate inertia — that is, at low Reynolds number — which is almost always the case in microchannels. The main consequence is that mixing happens only by diffusion.

Calculate with the Reynolds number tool →